How it all started...
- 1957: Sputnik was launched by USSR
- US Response: ARPA — focused on space, ballistic missiles and nuclear test monitoring
- 1962: ARPA Computer Research Program headed by John Licklider, MIT scientist
- 1969: ARPANET was successful, connected 4 host computers in Santa Barbara and Utah
- 1971: ARPANET expanded and hosted 23 host computers across the continental US
ARPANET Structure in 1969
Baby steps...
- 1972: ARPANET became public; E-mail system was born
- 1974: TCP/IP was developed by Stanford scientists
- 1974: Telenet
- 1976: Unix developed by AT&T Bell Labs
- 1981: Bitnet was developed City University New York to connect university scientists in other campuses
- 1982: ARPANET adopted TCP/IP protocol = The Internet is born!
ARPANET Structure in 1971
The Internet and WWW
- 1984: Domain Name Servers (DNS) = .com, .org, .gov, .us, .edu
- 155.247.XXX.XX
- JANET & NSFNET for academic research and institutions
- 1986: 28,000 host computers on the network
- 1989: WWW invented by Tim Berners-Lee, scientists at CERN in Geneva
- WWW was inline mode server, browser and editor
- 1990: First client-server communication was sent through the WWW browser
WWW Browser of Tim Berners-Lee
Browser Wars: 1994-2000
- 1993: Mark Andreesen developed Mosaic 1.0.
- 1994: World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was established; 3.2 million hosts and 3,000 websites floating on WWW
- 1994: Netscape 1.0
- 1995: Internet Explorer 1.0 (Windows OS)
- 1996: Internet Explorer 2.0 (MAC OS) ; Opera 2.1
- 1997-2000: Internet Explorer 4.0 — 5.0— 5.5, Mosaic 3.0, Netscape
3.0 — 4.0 — 4.5 — 6.0, Opera 3.0 — 3.5 — 4.0
New beginnings
- 1998: Web Standards Project founded by Jeffrey Zeldman
- Creating "standards" to end browser wars and to improve forward compatibility
- 1998: Section 508 was passed by US Congress
- accessible technology and websites for user with disabilities
- 1998: CSS 2 specifications was approved by W3C
- 1999-2004: Web Standards in Action
- ABCNEWS, ESPN, CHEVY, FAST.com, WIRED NEWS
- XHTML & CSS that meets Section 508 requirements
- CSS Zen Garden Project, A List Apart, Digital Web Magazine, WASP Working Group, The Weekly Standards, Web Standards Awards
What's Next...
- 2004-Present: Internet Explorer 6.0, Netscape 7.0, Opera 7.0, Firefox 1.0
- All major browsers support 99% of CSS 2 specifications with (X)HTML markup
- W3C working on CSS 3 specifications
- PDA, Pocket PC, Mobile Phone Browser and Site Development
- WAP, XML, RSS, RDF
- Weblogs for e-commerce and corporate sites
- Efficient Anti-Spam web tools and email systems
- Search Engine Competition between Google, Yahoo!, A9 and MSN
What's Next......
Sources & References
- Chapter Two: From ARPANET to World Wide Web, by Richard T. Griffiths (Leiden University), October 11, 2002
- How It All Started, by W3C and Tim Berners-Lee, December 1, 2004
- Designing with Web Standards, Jeffrey Zeldman, New Riders Publishing, May 2003
- HTML for the World Wide Web, by Elizabeth Castro, Peachpit Press 2003
- Browser Timelines, by Brian Wilson, 2003
- Wikipedia - “The Free Encyclopedia”